Myanmar’s opium cultivation remains near record levels despite a slight decline, according to the latest report from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Myanmar Opium Survey 2024: Cultivation, Production, and Implications.
The report reveals a 4% decrease in opium poppy cultivation, from 47,100 hectares in 2023 to 45,200 hectares in 2024. Nevertheless, Myanmar continues to be the world’s largest opium producer, with experts warning of potential future increases due to global market shifts following Afghanistan’s drug ban.
“Opium production in Myanmar remains close to the highest levels we’ve recorded in over two decades,” said Masood Karimipour, UNODC Regional Representative. “Conflict dynamics and global supply chain adjustments could push cultivation even higher in the coming years.”
Shan State remains Myanmar’s primary opium production hub, accounting for 88% of the country’s output. While cultivation decreased in North and South Shan, East Shan recorded a 10% increase. Kachin State experienced a 10% reduction, whereas Chin and Kayah States saw increases of 18% and 8%, respectively.
Falling farmgate opium prices, down 8% to $304 per kilogram, coupled with local conflict and labor shortages, have further complicated the situation. However, a potential global opiate shortage due to Afghanistan’s reduced supply could drive prices up, possibly incentivizing increased cultivation in Myanmar.
"Farmers cultivating opium are not getting rich—they are merely trying to survive,” said Yatta Dakowah, UNODC Country Manager for Myanmar. “There is still a chance to support these communities through sustainable economic alternatives, but time is running out.”
The report emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive socioeconomic development programs and decisive government action to address both opium cultivation and the rise of synthetic drug production in the region.
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